At present, women at childbearing age commonly used contraceptive measures include: 1. contraception: influence contraceptive, long-acting contraceptive drugs and quick-acting contraceptive. 2. Tools for contraception: intrauterine device (IUD), two condoms. Intrauterine devices into the uterine cavity, contraception for many years, is a relatively safe, effective, simple and economic method of contraception, but must operate by trained medical personnel. Lines may cause discomfort such as pain, placement may appear after lower abdomen and lumbar sacral pain, vaginal bleeding and other side effects, some women place may cause excessive menstruation, menstrual period extended, period is shortened. Use condoms contraception as well as effective prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, but their use every time you have sex there is a sense of foreign body without being part acceptable. 3. natural contraception method. Also known as the rhythm method, is to achieve the purposes of contraception safety period of life.
Once the contraceptive failure such as shedding forgot to take the pill, IUD, condoms break, cannot correctly calculate ovulation and suffer sexual violence and sex life without contraception and may result in unwanted pregnancy, will cause serious harm to physical and mental health of women.
1994 Cairo Conference on population and development in the world called \"to avoid unintended pregnancies, reducing the rate of abortion as the protection of women\'s reproductive health priorities\". This shows that the application of emergency contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies and protect women\'s health, is a very viable and positive. Emergency contraception refers in the case of unprotected sex or contraceptive failure, on women within a few hours or days taken in order to prevent unwanted pregnancy and contraception. Existing methods of emergency contraception, there are two: one is the emergency oral contraception; second place with copper intrauterine device (IUD).
Emergency, oral contraceptives
1. by combination of estrogen and progesterone (YUZPE method) of estrogen plus progestin emergency contraceptives, within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse for women oral ethyne glycol 100mg, at the same time blending methyl norethisterone 1mg,12 Wu Zuoxuan 18 hours later, repeat. Its mechanisms can cause temporary changes in the endometrium and prevent nidation; medication before ovulation, delayed ovulation; medication affect the luteal function after ovulation is not conducive to pregnant and egg plant. The method first medication must be within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse, otherwise it will affect efficiency. Adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, headache, breast pain, but its incidence and degree of large doses of estrogen has been significantly reduced.
2. after progestogen alone with sexual intercourse within 48 hours of oral l-methyl norethisterone 0.75 mg,12 18 hours later to repeat. Compared with the YUZPE method, no significant difference in effect, but the low incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting. So the methods for avoiding the use of estrogen for women a choice.
3. estrogen contraceptives, 53rd alone, for the loss of carbon compounds with weak estrogenic activity. Take 1 tablet immediately after intercourse, the next morning by taking 1 tablet, medication time is limited by the menstrual cycle, nor does it require continuous medication, but the higher incidence of side effects.
4. Dan danazol Dan danazol is a synthetic derivative of testosterone, testosterone has only a weak effect, which inhibits pituitary gonadotropin secretion and inhibits ovarian function. Use method to begin within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse take danazol, 800mg at a time, repeating interval of 12 hours at a time, taking a total of 2-3 times. Its main role was the effect on the endometrium, and prevent fertilized egg implantation, and has a strong dissolved luteal function.
5. the effects of Mifepristone (RU486) drug mifepristone is an anti-progesterone, it inhibits endometrial development in ovulation, effects and dissolved luteal function, is an effective emergency contraception, is also currently emergency contraceptive research focus. Within 72 hours of unprotected sex with a single dose of Mifepristone 600mg, the effect is very good, and less than 600mg doses are still valid. Adverse reactions are mild nausea, vomiting, delayed menstruation, which made it difficult for women to judge whether the pregnancy. To reduce adverse effects of mifepristone, clinical studies suggest that in recent years 10mg of Mifepristone for emergency contraception is within 5 days of a safe and effective method, using the earlier the better. State Drug Administration has approved mifepristone and 10mg as an emergency contraceptive production and sales. In addition, for several times sex lives or protective life has more than 120 hours in the luteal phase of women using mifepristone and misoprostol of contraception is an alternative remedy. Its method is 10 days before the menstrual instance orally mifepristone 100mg,48 hours after taking misoprostol 400mg. Main side effects are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, breast swelling, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and so on.
Placed second, with copper intrauterine device (IUD)
IUD is a common method of emergency contraception. In place are effective within 5 days after unprotected sex. Its mechanism is likely to cause changes in the endometrium, and prevent fertilized egg implantation, and by stimulating endogenous prostaglandins a direct role in early embryonic development. Effective rate of 99% per cent for IUD for emergency contraception, is 15 times times the YUZPE method, is the best of existing emergency contraception method, especially for women who want long-term contraception and meet-and-drop loop. But place the IUD have pain, bleeding and pelvic infections, adverse reactions. Its a history of reproductive system infection, ectopic pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease risk should not be used. Pregnancy is not known or have multiple sexual partners of women place the IUD will lead to serious complications.
Emergency contraception can be used at any time during the menstrual cycle, can effectively prevent unintended pregnancy, reducing abortion rates, but emergency contraceptive is used to prevent pregnancy, which does not terminate pregnancy that occurs, if the pregnancy is established, emergency contraception can do.
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