Varicella

[Clinical]

About the disease incubation period is 14-15 days. Onset acute and mild to moderate fever and rash occurs, rash advance in part of the scalp and trunk compression, a concentric distribution. During the period of 1-6 days the rash rash batches appear one after another. Skin rendering of tiny red spots papular rash rash with → → next → evolution of removal, took off without leaving after struggling with the mark. Theory that water clear period significantly if destroy to grasp when secondary infections can leave a slight dent. Infirm may appear high fever, about 4% of disseminated chickenpox, varicella pneumonia occur in adults.
　　
Children of mostly found in 1-10, 2-3 week incubation period. More acute, there are prodromal symptoms such as fever, headaches, body burnout. In rash within 24 hours of onset, urgent changes to rice to pea round of tense blisters around obvious dusky, Central umbilicus blister-like. 2-3 days about the blisters dry crust, scab off and more, without leaving scars. Distribution of skin lesions is concentric, former Yan began first, in the trunk, limbs after. Number of indefinite with trunk as many times in the face, head, limbs small, Palmar and Plantar less. Also involvement of mucous membrane, in oral cavity, pharynx, eye conjunctiva, vulva, anus etc. Skin lesions often occur in batches, papule, blister and scab often co-exist, course after 2-3 week. When resistance in children with lower income, of skin lesions can be systemic spread, form of disseminated chickenpox. Varicella clinical shaped performance: Bullous varicella, hemorrhagic chickenpox, neonatal varicella, adult chickenpox.

To smallpox phase identification: systemic reactions to smallpox, the beginning of 39-40 of high fever, fever after the rash, an obvious umbilicus skin lesions of the Central, face increasing, more left after pitting scars. Attention and Impetigo is and the difference of papular urticaria.
　　
[Treatment]

No specific treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment to prevent secondary infection of the skin, maintain a clean and avoid itching. Herpes infection secondary to ruptured or local 1% methyl violet can be painted, not ruptured available apply calamine lotion. Early a-essential cell-Gan 10mg/kg/day or with non-cyclic Guanosine 8mg/kg/day, 5-7 day, or additional use of interferon, can suppress the replication of the virus. Daily intramuscular injection of vitamin B12500~1000ug, there is a certain effect. When there is a secondary infection can choose effective anti-toxin, varicella hormone should not be used so as to avoid spread of the virus.
　　 　　
[Prevention]

Focuses on management of infection prevention of this disease, isolation of patients up to all of rash. On a history of exposure to highly susceptible to 3rd injection of varicella-zoster immune globulin or high titer of herpes zoster immune plasma, to reduce the risk of onset.
　　
Isolation of patients to the full 7 days after the rash crusted or skin rash. Its pollutants, utensils disinfection by boiling or exposure method available. Susceptible of exposure to chickenpox should remain checked 3 weeks or early application of immunoglobulin (0.4-0.6ml/kg) or Zoster immune globulin 5ml, you can significantly reduce the incidence of chickenpox, relief of symptoms. Varicella virus vaccine development in recent years, for normal susceptible children effective prevention.