Varicella

[Epidemiology]

Chickenpox contagious intensity. Mainly in patients with infection, 1-2 days before the rash to 5 days after the rash is infectious. Exposure may also occur in patients with herpes zoster and chickenpox in children, due to cause same. Transmission is primarily respiratory droplets or direct contact. Can also contact with polluted with reception of dyeing.

Pathogenesis of this disease in winter and spring, mainly for the pathogenesis of 2~10sui children. People generally susceptible, but onset may be lifelong immunity.
　　
(A) infection in patients with varicella as the main source, since the chickenpox rash before 1-2 to rash when dried crust, are infectious. Susceptible children in patients with herpes zoster, varicella can also occur, but rare.

(B) spread mainly through droplets and direct contact. At close range, within a short time can also be spread through indirect in healthy subjects.

(C) susceptible population generally susceptible. But onset in preschool children the most. Baby thanks to maternal antibodies within 6 months, less incidence, suffering from chickenpox can infect the fetus during pregnancy. After disease lasting immunity, but may occur with herpes zoster.

(D) epidemiological characteristics may occur all year round, often in winter and spring. This infectious disease is so strong that susceptible after contact with about 90% disease, caused popular children\'s collective institutions such as kindergartens, primary schools.

[Pathogenesis and Pathologic Anatomy]

By the respiratory virus invasion, growth on the mucosa into the blood and lymphatic fluid after breeding, netted again proliferation of endothelial cells, intrusion caused by blood the second virus of and systemic diseases, mainly damaged parts in the skin, rashes not plump with intermittent effects of virus-related. Subsequent specific immune response, virus of disappearing, symptom relief. When immune function is prone to serious body of disseminated chickenpox. Some cases lesions involving the viscera. Some viruses along the incoming sensory nerve endings. Long-term potential in dorsal root ganglion, formation of chronic latent infection. Immunity drops (such as suffering from cancer, by stimulating) virus is activated, causing ganglion inflammatory, and down to the appropriate segment of the skin of the nerve, resulting in clustered and neuralgia of herpes, known as herpes zoster.

Chickenpox lesions mainly in epidermal spike cells. Cell degeneration, edema formation of balloon cells, blister of liquefaction and organizations into the formation of the latter, its surrounding and base congestive, monocyte infiltration and multinuclear giant cells, Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in multinuclear giant nuclei. Blisters containing a large number of viruses. Transparency at the beginning, because after shedding of epithelial cells and white blood cells invade and thicken, secondary infection can become pustules. Superficial skin damage, after Slough without leaving scars. Mucosal Herpes easy to form ulcers also heal. Chickenpox lesions of individual cases involving the lung, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas, causing local congestion, hemorrhage, inflammation cell invasion and focal necrosis. Involvement of ganglion Herpes Zoster can be seen infiltration of inflammatory cells, haemorrhage, focal necrosis and fibrosis.