Neonatal infectious pneumonia after accounting for most of neonatal infectious pneumonia are common and frequently occurring illnesses of the neonatal period, can be caused by a variety of pathogenic micro-organisms, mainly for bacterial infections, including staphylococci, Escherichia coli, pneumococci. In recent years some of the less common bacterial infection is on the rise in the past, such as: klebsialla pneumonia, Pseudomonas bacteria. In addition, some anaerobic bacteria, fungi, viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis can also cause neonatal infectious pneumonia after birth.
Postnatal transmission of infectious pneumonia in neonates are the following:
A, close contact: this is the most common routes of transmission, fewer opportunities due to contact with outsiders, family members with respiratory tract infections or respiratory bacteria has become a major source of infection. Because of poor neonatal respiratory system defense feature, contact common upper respiratory tract infection, can lead to pneumonia in neonates.
Second, bloodstream infections: neonatal umbilical infection, skin infection, pathogens can be spread through blood circulation to lungs and cause pneumonia.
Three, iatrogenic infection: the reason for the hospitalization of newborns in the hospital may not strictly due to disinfection of medical instruments or ward, as well as other children suffering from infectious diseases isolation hospital cross infection caused by such factors as not enough. In particular, long-term hospitalization of premature infants and children with severe and multiple antibiotics, ventilators, and arterial and venous catheter inserted more occurrence of iatrogenic infection in children.
Neonatal infectious pneumonia occurs after birth, after 3 days of health, and infant pneumonia is different, fever, cough, expectoration these common symptoms of pneumonia in newborns is rare, especially in premature infants and newborns within 2 weeks of birth, mainly for bad spirits, hyperpnea, milk or eat milk choked. Cough symptoms newborns can be close to full moon. Serious condition, refused milk can appear, weeks, or blue in the face, mouth saliva, breathing difficulties, such as complicated with respiratory failure and heart failure, is a critical condition, needed emergency treatment. Except when the need for visible signs of Dyspnea and hypoxia, a pulmonary Rale infant pneumonia often than obvious, some children can be heard in wet-Lo tone, if at the time of pulmonary auscultation heard widely-intensive fine wet Lo tone, you are prompted to merge with congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema.
Treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia after birth should be particularly stressed two points: first, to actively control infections, according to different pathogens selecting appropriate antibiotics or antiviral drugs and intravenous administration better. Secondly, strengthen the management of respiratory tract and, if necessary, give oxygen, respiratory secretions or sticky spray inhalation should be given and take back suction to maintain airway patency, also in children should always transform position, to facilitate the expansion of the lungs and drainage of secretions. With serious complications, should be carried out into the intensive care unit monitoring rescue.
Neonatal infectious pneumonia can be prevented after birth. Contact relatives of the newborn should observe personal hygiene, have less ill should contact neonates. Parents who suffer from respiratory tract infection, in care children should pay attention to hand washing and wearing masks. Should also be declined as much as possible to visit. Find child when there are circumstances such as umbilical inflammation or infection of the skin, should be actively treated. Hospital\'s neonatal Ward should strictly enforce the disinfection and isolation system, different disease should be admitted, minimize the duration of hospitalization in children, rational use of antibiotics.
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