What happened to the hemolytic disease of newborn

Hemolytic disease of newborn refers to as the mother and the child\'s blood group incompatibility and hemolytic disease caused by, the most common are ABO blood group incompatibility, Rh blood group incompatibility less seen, occasionally you can see other blood group incompatibility.

Cause hemolysis of human blood groups a, b, AB and O type. Is on the red blood cells have a type a Antigen, b-type b antigens, AB has both a and b antigens, O-type is not any antigen. Blood type is hereditary, decided jointly by the mother and father\'s genes. When the mother\'s blood type is O-, children when hemolysis occurs for a type, b type, called ABO hemolysis; Rh negative mother, children as Rh positive and sometimes causing hemolytic, called Rh hemolytic disease. Rh blood group incompatibility in rare, due to the frequency of Rh negative racial differences in: about 15% in Caucasian populations, United States in the black 5%, in Chinese Han population of less than 0.5%.

So how can blood of the mother and child are met together, are all blood group incompatibility will cause hemolysis of mother? mothers after pregnancy, fetal blood in the blood of mother and child are separated by a layer of film, you can exchange nutrients, metabolites, and oxygen. But blood does not directly circulation, only in some causes Xia as trauma, and inflammatory,, fetal of blood cells can inflow maternal, and fetal was since father of blood type if precisely and mother not, so, as long as fetal of red blood cells entered maternal, its red blood cells Shang of Antigen on can stimulation mother produced corresponding of antibody, this antibody then by placenta entered fetal of blood cycle, and children red blood cells Shang of Antigen work, is occurs Antigen antibody reaction, makes large red blood cells was damage, dissolved, occurs anemia. At the same time generate large amounts of bilirubin, and jaundice.

Hemolytic disease of newborn outstanding performance are: 1, jaundice occur within 24 hours after the health and rapidly deepened. Level 2, jaundice, scleral development to face, neck, trunk, limbs and the palms and soles. 3, progressive development of the skin from light yellow to golden yellow, Cang yellow when accompanied by anemia, edema occurs. 4, laboratory examination showed manifestations of hemolytic anemia and jaundice: elevated indirect bilirubin obvious, hemoglobin low, elevated reticulocyte and blood group incompatibility of mother. 5, also confirmed the need for mother and child for special laboratory tests of blood, such as mother and child cross immunological test (Qom test).

Observed in medical practice, not all of the mother and child hemolytic disease of the blood group incompatibility, accounted for only a few of onset and severity can vary greatly, clinical manifestations of light, similar to the physiological jaundice; weight dangerously ill, such as delayed diagnosis and treatment can be life-threatening. What caused this difference, there is not particularly clear. In General, Rh hemolytic than ABO hemolytic symptoms early and heavy, fetal Rh hemolytic typically occurs in the second, ABO hemolysis can occur in the first. Hemolytic disease of newborn and genetic factors are closely related, so the fetus pregnant again more incidence, symptoms are more severe.