Of intrauterine infection in neonates with pneumonia

Intrauterine infection of pneumonia as the name suggests, is in the intrauterine infection, often associated with some of the mothers or obstetric factors, therefore, to fully with this in mind when the diagnosis.

Fetal infection causes pneumonia pathogens through what means? First, mothers infected with some virus or bacteria during pregnancy, through blood circulation into the placenta, through the placenta into the fetal blood. Due to Hematogenous dissemination, in addition to causing pneumonia, often caused by infection of the brain, liver, spleen and other organs. Second: before birth, the mother, in case of premature rupture, or rupture of membranes before the onset, inside the vagina may up bacterial infection of membranes and amniotic fluid, fetal breathing infected amniotic fluid, pneumonia can occur. Premature rupture of membranes for more than 24 hours you can be up to 50% per cent in the incidence of pneumonia.

Neonates with intrauterine infection of pneumonia symptoms after they are born, manifested: difficulty in breathing, moaning, weeks and blue in the face, often do not cough, not necessarily heat. If menstruation line communications, in addition to pneumonia, systemic multiple organs damage can also occur, such as convulsions, coma, liver and spleen swelling, rash, jaundice, liver damage, etc. Severe complicated with respiratory failure, heart failure, shock and other complications.

To assist in troubleshooting, first detailed questioning history, notably asked the mother\'s pregnancy and childbirth. There is no history of acute and chronic infection such as fever, and premature rupture of membranes of free time. Also for further checks, such as a chest x ray, shadow visible lung spot or point mesh fuzzy shadow, sometimes with emphysema performance, like the infant bronchial. In addition, smear and culture also can be used for respiratory secretions, blood culture, serum virus or bacterial antigens, antibodies to identify the pathogen. Examination sample of necessary through the mother\'s birth canal or pathogen detection in serum.

Treatment of this disease is mainly resistance to infection. Should be based on the pathogen of drug sensitive test and selection of appropriate antibiotics. At the same time, strict observation of condition changes and correct hypoxia, maintain airway patency, ensuring adequate supply of nutrients. For severe pneumonia with respiratory failure, heart failure should actively rescuing, if necessary, treated with mechanical ventilation.

Child cough what should I do?

Respiratory diseases are common in young children, and coughs are the most common symptoms of child care. When the child is coughing, for different clinical conditions, mothers can take a variety of methods.

Cough is short and light: If a child cough light, does not affect diet, sleep, activity as usual, the spirit, then the mother need not worry. Children may be just a cold, let him rest, drink plenty of water, General 3-5 day natural healing.

Cough time more long: If cough has over a week, and cough more frequency, even with high fever, so should with children to hospital doctor, if check no exception, may is virus infection, General without antibiotics treatment, as long as Note rest, and diet, then taking some resistance HIV, and cough drug on can has, if is bacteria infection, is should in doctor guidance Xia application antibiotics, cannot own abuse antibiotics, so as not to caused body bacteria group disorders, immunity reduce, even effect liver, and renal function.

Cough with wheezing: crowing cocks are if a child is coughing accompanied by wheezing sound, you should as soon as possible to the hospital for treatment, doctors be based on the use of hormones and bronchodilators.

If a child often coughs, protracted course of disease, you should go to hospital to check for Mycoplasma infection or TB infection. If a child cough cure and recurrent attacks, the following methods to help children enhance immunity, away from coughing.

1, rational nutrition: at the stage of growth and development of children, such as the lack of some nutrients, such as calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins, children immunity will decline. Therefore, and should pay attention to balanced nutrition to children, if necessary, a doctor checks to see if the lack of certain nutrients, and the corresponding replenishment.

2, regular exercise: a reasonable amount of exercise can improve the function of the body, enhance metabolism of children cardiopulmonary capacity, improving the ability of children on the environment. Starting from cool autumn days, you should let your children wear thin, many to outdoor activities, a breath of fresh air, the children gradually adapt to the cold environment, improving the ability of keeping warm.

3, environmental tidiness: children\'s room to ventilate a day, if the parents when a respiratory infection, should minimize contact with the child. In some special cases, such as during the influenza, can take traditional Chinese medicine to prevent colds, recurrent respiratory infection in children may be appropriate under the guidance of the doctor to take some immunity intensifier.

Do you know congenital laryngeal stridor?

In the hospital outpatient throat often face a number of parents to the doctor telling children what happened to the old Hulu Hulu voices? These children often in was born Hou soon appears symptoms, suction Shi audio, nurse, and cry makes Shi increased, activities Hou also increased, while with suction Shi sternum Shang Wo (neck sternum upper) of obvious SAG, sometimes rib between and the sternum Xia Wo also has SAG, but General to sternum Shang Wo most obvious, this is congenital laryngeal asthma ming, and called laryngeal cartilage development does not full.

Development of laryngeal cartilage causing the disease is bad, too soft, breathe like a relatively soft suction pipe, laryngeal cartilage when SAG, the inhaled gas to pass a narrow airway, can be issued as whistle-like sound.

Congenital laryngeal stridor is light weight, light not much impact severe laryngeal stenosis at breathing time in children with severe, can cause the child hypoxia. In addition due to poor breathing, respiratory secretions discharged difficult, often prone to respiratory infections. Once the infection, respiratory mucosa edema, increased respiratory tract stricture, makes the illness increased, and protracted course of disease.
After the symptoms occurred in the neonatal period, and will gradually increase, generally months most 1-2, later grew up with age, will gradually harden cartilage, to gradually reduce after 6 months, about 1 disappear completely.

No effects of drug treatment for the disease. Child earlier than normal and more seriously and with cod liver oil and calcium can speed up cartilage hardens. In addition to such children should be more careful when feeding, milk and choke with water to prevent choke; to prevent respiratory tract infections, avoid close contact with patients with respiratory tract infection and physical exercises should be strengthened, as do more outdoor activities, baby gymnastics, etc, to enhance children\'s health.

What people should not get married childbearing

Chinese marriage law stipulates: \"suffering from leprosy, without treatment or suffering from other medical diseases prohibiting marriage believe that we should not get married on. ”

1, people should not get married

Serious genetic disease and in patients with congenital malformation of people, such as schizophrenia, various types of dementia, progressive muscular dystrophy congenital, tetanus and other diseases; suffer from reproductive organ malformations that cannot be corrected: \"lineal blood kinship next to and within three generations of blood\" against marriage.

2 persons, not marriage

Both men and women in the close relatives of people suffering from the same hereditary disease of the person to be married. This mainly refers to the recessive genetic diseases and certain genetic diseases, such as the congenital deaf, systemic albino disease, cretinism, schizophrenia. If the two sides must marry, it is best not fertility, so as not to produce genetic offspring. Such young men and women with those of the fine and the next of kin or in the same genetic disease to marry, you will greatly reduce the risk of illness of future generations.

3 persons, should postpone marriage

Genital malformation and determine after orthopedic surgery may be a normal sex life, such as hypospadias in males, such as phimosis, women without a vagina, imperforate hymen, shall advance surgery and elective married again. Where suffering from infectious diseases and is still within a defined period of isolation of patients or are in a period of chronic disease patients, such as tuberculosis people, serious heart disease should stay married. Syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases and leprosy patients thoroughly cured before getting married.

4 persons, not maternity

According to the principle of eugenics, all couples suffer from the same hereditary diseases are not children. Couples any party has following situation one who, due to its by health children-patient genetic of risk too large, also should does not reproductive descendants; serious of often chromosome dominant genetic disease, as long bone development does not full, and retinal mother cell tumor,; more gene genetic disease and is high Fortune Department (means except patients I outside its parents brothers sisters in the has a people or more people-patient also disease) who, as heavy syndrome congenital heart disease, and mania mad depression sexual psychiatric, even condition stability also should not be reproductive; does not is above range of rare genetic disease, where can died or caused life cannot self-care, and children directly onset and cannot treatment who, as Marfan\'s comprehensive syndrome,.

5, people who limit birth gender

Serious x-linked recessive genetic disease, such as von Willebrand disease, according to the man or the woman incidence of patients and their families, gender prediction after prenatal diagnosis to determine whether the purpose of selective abortion.

At present, many countries have enacted eugenics laws in the world, from what disease have been identified by law are not allowed to get married or having children. The eugenic law has not yet come out of our country, young men and women still by eugenics laws to be spouse, marriage and childbirth, to ensure the health, well-being of future generations.

Neonatal jaundice do?

After birth the baby all right. But 3-5 days after baby\'s face is yellow, and the trend of more and more yellow. This is going on about? It doesn\'t matter, mostly due to physiological jaundice of the newborn.

, Neonates in physiological jaundice is a special physiological phenomenon, almost all normal newborn. Its characteristics are:

1, 2-3 day jaundice occurs after birth, the skin is pale yellow, the sclera (white eyes) with slightly yellow, slightly yellow urine, discomfort-free performance, most obviously di4-6 days jaundice, term infants jaundice dissipated di10-14 days after birth, preterm infants may be extended to di3-4 weeks receded.

2, the value of determination of serum bilirubin is high.

Physiological jaundice of newborn is the main reason the body produces too much bilirubin, transformation and excretion of bilirubin and liver capacity, resulting in accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and the jaundice. Physiological phenomenon, generally without treatment, more drinking glucose water, promoting diuresis, discharge of bilirubin. Some serious jaundice complicated with bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) cause permanent brain damage, so once baby\'s jaundice have increased timely medical treatment, so as not to delay the illness, unfortunately for life.

Second, to distinguish between pathological jaundice, pathological jaundice caused by the disease. Its characteristics are:

1 occur within 24 hours after birth, jaundice, or occur after 1 week, dissipated or jaundice and complex appears.

2, long duration over time of physiological jaundice of jaundice.

3 excessive, jaundice, serum bilirubin exceeds the value of physiological jaundice. Common in hemolytic disease of newborn pathological jaundice, neonatal sepsis, neonatal hepatitis, neonatal biliary tract deformities, cretinism, cephalhematoma, once pathological jaundice, diagnosis and treatment should seek medical advice immediately and avoid contact with patients with respiratory tract infection.

Do you know what throw up milk in newborns and neonatal vomiting different?

Throw up milk in newborns is breast milk immediately after the 1-2 exit return to flow into the baby\'s mouth, then ripple out from the altercation. After a small number of newborns is breast for a while, change in body position (see when breastfeeding to baby diaper shortly after) ripple caused by milk. Throw up milk newborns are generally good, does not affect the growth and development, can be considered as normal. With the growth of age, a phenomenon more than 6 months after birth naturally disappear.

Vomiting is a common phenomenon in the neonatal period. Vomiting is different from throw up milk, vomiting is due to the digestive tract and other organs were some anomalies caused by nerve stimulation of reflex action. When vomiting, milk more use of Jet-like emission from the mouth. Vomit is either milk or milk.

Causes of vomiting is more complex, neonatal vomiting and vomiting in children of other ages are different, and neonatal gastrointestinal anatomy and Physiology features have a great relationship. Neonatal gastric horizontal transverse position, smaller, and entrance to the stomach that is less cardiac development, export development better, characteristics of the formation export tight entrance loose, so milk easily due to regurgitation and vomiting. If you experience improper feeding or care, such as excessive number of feed, feed too much, the nipple is too big or SAG, perforations or bottle feed the pacifier is too big, sucking too hastily, overshoot, or prostrate after breastfeeding, or excessive, early turn babies are prone to vomiting. When severe, milk also choked out from the nose. This vomiting as soon as improved feeding and nursing methods to be relieved. As a parent in particular to note after each nursing the newborn should be vertical hold, Pat on the back and let the belching exhaust, then let the child lying position on the right shuixia so that you can avoid vomiting. After taking the above method is still vomiting, you should go to the hospital to identify causes of vomiting, and timely manner.

After neonatal health infectious pneumonia

Neonatal infectious pneumonia after accounting for most of neonatal infectious pneumonia are common and frequently occurring illnesses of the neonatal period, can be caused by a variety of pathogenic micro-organisms, mainly for bacterial infections, including staphylococci, Escherichia coli, pneumococci. In recent years some of the less common bacterial infection is on the rise in the past, such as: klebsialla pneumonia, Pseudomonas bacteria. In addition, some anaerobic bacteria, fungi, viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis can also cause neonatal infectious pneumonia after birth.

Postnatal transmission of infectious pneumonia in neonates are the following:

A, close contact: this is the most common routes of transmission, fewer opportunities due to contact with outsiders, family members with respiratory tract infections or respiratory bacteria has become a major source of infection. Because of poor neonatal respiratory system defense feature, contact common upper respiratory tract infection, can lead to pneumonia in neonates.

Second, bloodstream infections: neonatal umbilical infection, skin infection, pathogens can be spread through blood circulation to lungs and cause pneumonia.

Three, iatrogenic infection: the reason for the hospitalization of newborns in the hospital may not strictly due to disinfection of medical instruments or ward, as well as other children suffering from infectious diseases isolation hospital cross infection caused by such factors as not enough. In particular, long-term hospitalization of premature infants and children with severe and multiple antibiotics, ventilators, and arterial and venous catheter inserted more occurrence of iatrogenic infection in children.

Neonatal infectious pneumonia occurs after birth, after 3 days of health, and infant pneumonia is different, fever, cough, expectoration these common symptoms of pneumonia in newborns is rare, especially in premature infants and newborns within 2 weeks of birth, mainly for bad spirits, hyperpnea, milk or eat milk choked. Cough symptoms newborns can be close to full moon. Serious condition, refused milk can appear, weeks, or blue in the face, mouth saliva, breathing difficulties, such as complicated with respiratory failure and heart failure, is a critical condition, needed emergency treatment. Except when the need for visible signs of Dyspnea and hypoxia, a pulmonary Rale infant pneumonia often than obvious, some children can be heard in wet-Lo tone, if at the time of pulmonary auscultation heard widely-intensive fine wet Lo tone, you are prompted to merge with congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema.

Treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia after birth should be particularly stressed two points: first, to actively control infections, according to different pathogens selecting appropriate antibiotics or antiviral drugs and intravenous administration better. Secondly, strengthen the management of respiratory tract and, if necessary, give oxygen, respiratory secretions or sticky spray inhalation should be given and take back suction to maintain airway patency, also in children should always transform position, to facilitate the expansion of the lungs and drainage of secretions. With serious complications, should be carried out into the intensive care unit monitoring rescue.

Neonatal infectious pneumonia can be prevented after birth. Contact relatives of the newborn should observe personal hygiene, have less ill should contact neonates. Parents who suffer from respiratory tract infection, in care children should pay attention to hand washing and wearing masks. Should also be declined as much as possible to visit. Find child when there are circumstances such as umbilical inflammation or infection of the skin, should be actively treated. Hospital\'s neonatal Ward should strictly enforce the disinfection and isolation system, different disease should be admitted, minimize the duration of hospitalization in children, rational use of antibiotics.